![]() very large tonsils) Insomniaĭefinition: Difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep. Treatment: Advise weight loss, CPAP, Surgery may be indicated in some cases with altered pharyngeal or laryngeal anatomy (e.g. Obstructive (muscle atony at oropharynx, nasal or tonsil obstructions).May develop arrythmias, sudden death, hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension.Often a loud snorer, with audible pauses in breathing – may be detected by partner.Sleep apnoea when patient periodically stops breathing during sleep, typically for periods of seconds. Antidepressants ( SSRIs in particular) – can supress REM sleep.Modafinil) – to stimulate awakeness during the day – caution– can precipitate psychosis in those with a history of the disorder Sleep hygiene & lifestyle modifications.Has ‘sleep attacks’ & falls sleep easily at night.Sleep paralysis occurs when patient is awake but unable to move.Hypnopompic hallucinations occur when as patient is waking.Hypnagogic Hallucinations occur when falling asleep.Cataplexy – sudden loss of tone whilst patient is awake, can be due to loud noise or intense emotion.REM sleep occurs in less 10 minutes of falling asleep and patients feel well-rested on waking. REM cycles typically become longer, as the night progresses, but the overall sleep cycle shortensĭisappearance of Alpha wave (8-12 cycles) but appearance of Theta waves (3-7 cycles) The First Rem sleep cycle is usually short. Cycles generally become shorter as the night goes on.Muscular atony (except eye, ear and respiration).There are four sub-stages of NREM: Stage 1 – Stage 4.Normal Sleep is divided into two main stages: ![]()
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